Ambedkar Summary 3 Essays

Ambedkar Summary 3 Essays Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Ambedkar Summary 3 Essay Dr. Ambedkar: A Social Reformer Through the Magnifier of Antonio Gramsci SAVITA V. DEOGIRKAR Lecturer in English, Adarsha Mahavidyalaya, Dhamangaon (Rly) Distt: Amravati (M. S. ) Abstract A Champion of Human Rights, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar was a multi dimensional personality. He was a great thinker, a philosopher, a true revolutionist, a prolific writer and at the top a devoted reformer. If studied and analyzed his noble saga to fight against Castes’ and untouchability through the magnifier of Antonio Gramsci, a German philosopher of 1940’s, he could be hailed as an ‘organic intellectual. His undeniable reforms in annihilating Caste, his views regarding women empowerment, his Dalit movement are really credible moves to wage a counter revolution against Hindu Religion. At the same time he tried to restructure his chosen religion to meet the needs of Dalit community. The noble cause to have unification of caste was one of the constitutional feat ures of Democracy which he propagated that label him as a precursor of Social Democracy to meet the present day situation. The operation of caste, his views on Women’s oppression, his reinterpretation of the role of the monk proves him to be a social reformer that warrant a close examination of his biography and his lion’s share to set a perfect platform for World’s biggest Democratic country none other than India. - â€Å"Liberty, Equality and Fraternity Educate, Agitate and Organize! † This great message was spread all over the world by an architect of Indian Constitution none other than Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar. A statue of a man having a book under his left hand and an index finger of a right hand pointing towards a Parliament Building is very familiar for all the Indians. But for the children it is the matter of curiosity of what that book was. That was a book of Indian Constitution drafted by Dr. Ambedkar in 1948 and that is his statue. Bhim as his name was, born to a middle class family of untouchables at Mhow in 1891. Being an untouchable himself, Ambedkar went through all agonies of untouchability. The exploitation of blacks in the hands of White America and the sufferings of the Jews in Germany are well known. In this comparison the horrifying sufferings of untouchables need an extensive study of how inequality creates a breach in the social relations and how different strata of society pollute public relations. These muted people in outcaste community were given voice by the heroic efforts of Ambedkar. He emancipated his people from age-old slavery though virtually. The agonies of his people were recorded by a grown up Dalit Leader, Ambedkar who denied India to be his motherland due to brutal behaviour of his own people where all the untouchables were even denied to be called as men. For a school goer prohibition to draw water from public tanks and wells, his experience of insults in the form of refusal of local conveyance sharpened his anger against the cruel system of untouchability. As a result of that a ‘messiah’ of these Dalits successfully campaigned against these odds like Chowdar Tank campaign, Mahad campaign in 1927. His ceremonial burning of Manusmriti suggests his hatred towards Hinduism and Hindu social order which triggered up the mass movement of the conversion to Buddhism in 1920’s. Depressed classes were prohibited entry in the temples of Hindus those were made open to them under the leadership of Dr. Ambedkar in 1930’s. All over Maharashtra this campaign was observed successfully. These underprivileged were given justice by Ambedkar. Dr. Ambedkar waged a lifetime struggle against Hinduism. He knew that there was no salvation for the untouchables within Hinduism. So while writing his ‘The Buddha and his Dhamma’, he consciously tried to restructure his chosen religion to meet the needs of the Dalit Community. His was a deliberate attempt to change traditional teachings of Buddha so as to meet the needs for the ages to come. Herein, I contend, that Dr. Ambedkar performed a job of an ‘organic intellectual, for his community. Antonio Gramsci, a German philosopher is less explored till present. First wave of interest in Gramsci was screwed up after the publication of his prison writings in the form of letters in 1947. His extensive observation on the role of intellectuals in society and their function, his post Marxist theory, Coercion and counter revolution opened up new vistas for re-reading texts of ethnic, post-colonial studies. His theory rekindled interest in academic intellectuals, Subaltern studies and social hierarchy. More or less Gramsci has become a ‘classic’ to be read, interpreted, analyzed and applied. According to Gramsci, ‘organic intellectuals’ function to fashion the intellectual, moral and political leadership by engaging organizational activity. They fuse moral and intellectual dimensions. Every social group creates with itself, organically one or more strata of intellectuals. Gramsci noted, â€Å"All men are intellectuals†¦. but not all men in society have the function of intellectuals. †1 Therefore an intellectual is defined by the qualities of their activities, but being an intellectual is more than just being involved in ‘brain work. ’ They lead the masses. They educate them and try to awaken them and prepare them for the counter revolution against Hegemony. For Gramsci intellectuals were the instrument for the organization of human life. These intellectuals were not independent but rather products of the class into which they are born. They carry a special bond between themselves through which they organize their community. He is a ‘permanent persuader’ who sets a role model for the society. 2 Dr. Ambedkar was born to the same community of outcastes who set a role model for the Dalit community and tried to educate, agitate and organize them in true sense of a phrase coined by Gramsci i. . Organic Intellectual. He succeeded in decoding the real meaning of Buddhism and tried to re-structure this religion to meet the requirements of present day Indian Society. So as to say, he was a true visionary who churned up the mass movement of the conversion to Buddhism. Having a Ph. D. to his credit, an advocate by profession Dr. Ambed kar advocated banishment of casteism, then and then only Democracy will prevail. The noble idea of drafting Indian Constitution took shape in his mind that gave fundamental rights to the citizens and dwelt on the responsibilities and rights of the four pillars of democracy. A staunch believer of democracy, Dr. Ambedkar is remembered only on his birth and death anniversaries and his ideologies are almost wiped and washed out of our mind. It’s high time we should emulate the ideals of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and strive for prosperity in educational, social and political fields. But the perception of democracy is a matter of complexity nowadays. As we all know Indian Society is a beautiful amalgam of Castes which are exclusive in their life. Though this is the fact, Caste System poses a great threat to Democracy itself. Most important evil of it is â€Å"Graded Inequality†. 3 Castes are not equal in their status but is filled with contempt and hatred towards each other. This widens a gap between people and divides the society into two strata; higher class and lower class. Higher class always dominates lower class and treats it to be the slave. They are not allowed to have basic facilities including education In wider sense Democracy means a way of life, order of society, a way of social economic relation that is based on the ideals of Principles of Equality, Liberty and Fraternity. To implement these ideals, favourable conditions are pre-requisite to have Democracy prevailing; which was just the opposite in the case of Untouchables who were denied of education. There was no equality. They were not given liberty to do what they wanted without being permitted. They were not allowed to enter in the temples or to drink water in public places. And there was no Fraternity amongst the people of the society. For the Hindus, Dalits were not the brothers. But the cursed people. â€Å"Justice delayed is Justice denied†. Same happened with them. The preamble of Indian Constitution and chapters referring fundamental rights and State Policy state it very clearly that there should be ‘Non-discrimination on grounds of Religion, Race, Caste, Sex or Place of Birth. ’4 Reservation Bill, the brain child of Ambedkar was just another step towards elevating social, economic standard of the country. That proves that the sculptor of Indian Constitution Ambedkar wanted it to be instrumental of socio-economic justice and the basis of all justice is equality. Ambedkar knew it that since eternity India is the World’s classic unequal society that observes rigid caste system. That was the primary issue of Ambedkar’s struggle for annihilation of caste. Dr. Ambedkar stated fearlessly in the constituent assembly, ‘We are going to a life of contradictions. In politics†¦. equality.. in social life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦inequality. ’5 His ideas, his ideals and his philosophy being an ‘organic intellectual’ of the downtrodden, always revolved around human welfare. His struggle was to consolidate Dalits and to make them aware that they too were human beings. To restore their dignity and to give them respectable place, Ambedkar devoted his forty years and sought a chosen religion that could deliver the depressed classes from the shackles of ocial evil. Buddhism’s fundamental issue is to recognize the pain, sufferings in human beings. And real religion resides in the heart of a man and not in Shastra. What attracted Ambedkar towards Buddhism was its preaching of Prajna( Understanding), Karuna( Love) and Samata( Equality) that no other religion advocates. So he gave Dalits new religion to be clinged. In fact Dalit Buddhist Movement is a ‘symbol of identity transformation’ than a true religious conversion. 6 According to Ambedkar definition of Nirvana is not only easily but also theoretically attainable within a single lifetime. He also re-interpreted the role of the monk. They are the active participants in re-writing history. A Bhikku should fight to spread Dhamma. This life time contribution of Dr. Ambedkar in the field of religion, his educational philosophy, his drafting of Indian Constitution and his views on women’s oppression justify him to be a social reformer par excellence. A vast section of India still dwells under unhygienic conditions, poverty, illiteracy and unemployment. We still engage in casteism. What lessons were taught to us by this great reformer is conveniently forgotten. Politicians are running behind vote banks and interested in their selfish gains than the welfare of the masses. On surface we find no untouchability. But at heart the breach is more widened. One has to come to this ground reality and as ‘charity begins at home’ everything good should begin from us. Then and then only in true sense we will show gratitude towards this great social reformer and an active ‘organic intellectual’ who let the Dalits educate, agitate and organize towards a counter revolution. References 1)Aditi Misra. The Political Philosophy of Antonio Gramsci. Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1991. p. 116. 2)Ibid. 116. 3)Rahi Gaikwad. â€Å"Need for Feminists to reclaim Ambedkar seen. † The Hindu. January 10, 2010. 4)Subhash C. Kashyap. Our Constitution: An Introduction to India’s Constitution and Constitutional Law. National Book Trust, India. 1994. p. 93. 5)An Essay on rethinking on Democracy. www. preservearticles. com/ /rethinking-on-democracy. html 6)Buddhism17-25. pdf p. 20

How to Write an Essay on Philosophy of Life

How to Write an Essay on Philosophy of Life Philosophy of Life General guidelines for composing a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ How to start writing How to create an outline How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ How to write an introduction Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to conclude Tips on conclusion writing Paper revision Philosophy of Life (Essay sample) General guidelines for composing a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ The philosophy of life encompasses a general view of or an approach to life as well as the purpose of life. Philosophers explain life in different features that include how human naturally feel, think, and act. Also, one can explain that as anything that makes life meaningful such as creating a moral character and making achievements is essential for explaining the meaning of life. How to start writing The purpose of writing your essay on Philosophy of Life is for one to explore the life choices as well as directions that widens the chances of living an inspired life. Therefore, while starting the essay writing, the writer has to ensure that he/she has carefully read the relevant information relating to the topic. Also, since the writer wants to ensure that everything in the paper is relevant to the topic, one has to focus on the important elements of life and also ask yourself questions like, what guides the decisions and actions you take and how do you approach the way you live your life? How to create an outline Before the writer starts writing, one requires to have a plan for the essay; this includes organizing ones thoughts as well as the arguments. A good paper outline helps the writer to conduct research and write the paper efficiently. Therefore, one is required to thinks about how to explain various terms, the position to present your argument or criticism. For instance, a good outline contains introduction and thesis statement, major arguments as well as support for your main points and a conclusion. How to write a thesis for a philosophy essay on ‘Philosophy of Life’ While writing the essay, one is required to have the main point, main idea and the argument you develop to reflect your main idea. However, the sentences that hold the main idea are referred to a thesis statement. Thesis statement presents the topic of the essay and also explains to your reader about the main point of your paper. However, the writer should read the main sources, and figure out the main thesis points to create a working thesis. To develop an effective thesis, one should avoid placing thesis statement late in the paper, avoid unclear words and also clearly indicate the point of your paper. How to write an introduction The first impressions of a philosophical essay are very important because, without an eye-catching introduction, your writing will be flat. However, when writing the introduction, the writer should introduce the essay with a broad statement of what the reader should expect in ones essay. Also, one should provide significant background but not the main argument and persuade your reader that the paper is worth reading. Tips on how to write an introduction and thesis Developing a good introduction as well as thesis statement sometimes is the hardest part of an essay writing. Writing the beginning is ones chance to get your readers attention by expressing your creativity. However, the first paragraph should explain your topic and the originality of thesis statement. To develop an efficient introduction and thesis statement, one should first understand the main purpose of the introductory paragraph which includes understanding general information the writer requires to make the essay. Also, one requires utilizing strategies that attract your audiences attention for instance by sharing a personalized story. The writer should also understand the main purpose of thesis statement which creates a focus for ones paper. Furthermore, a thesis statement should be placed at the end of your introduction paragraph explaining the main idea of your essay. Finally, one should avoid using the common introductory method like, ‘In this paper, I will†¦.. How to write body paragraphs The body paragraphs present the writers main points and also contains ones textual argument and evidence. Every main point you stated in your outline becomes a body paragraph. However, the writer should correctly format the body paragraphs and have clear transitions. Tips on body writing To create efficient body paragraphs, one should start by pointing out the main ideas in form of sentences. Next, the writer should write down the elaboration of the main points which includes description and discussion. Also, the writer should present philosophical evidence to support the main idea. The body paragraphs should also contain transitions to help your reader get cues of your flow. Examples of transitional words are afterward, likewise, however, nearby and accordingly among others. Finally, the writer should avoid plagiarism. To explain this, one should present body paragraphs that are well paraphrased and quoted without copying many of your ideas from other sources. How to conclude Sometimes writing the conclusion can be hard because one feels that there is nothing left to say. The writer can conclude the essay with a brief summary that includes the main points of the paper. One can also leave a final impression on the reader by giving new suggestions. Tips on conclusion writing A good conclusion can be created by resonating the introduction. Challenging your readers. Looking forward to the future. Paper revision After completing your essay, as a writer, it is important to review and reread your word. This can be done by using grammar check to review your spelling and spacing before you turn in your work. Also, one should keep the papers format simple for instance, double spacing, justified left and use Times New Romans font. Finally, you can read your essay loud or give your peer to review your work before you submit. Philosophy of Life (Philosophy Essay Sample) A philosophy of life can be referred to the practical philosophy that helps people transform the image of their thoughts. Everyone views the world in different ways and have different beliefs of how other people should conduct themselves. Some people might consider honesty, tolerance, and loyalty to be the most vital aspects that reflect a good person, although the ability for oneself to be optimistic is the most significant trait. Moreover, a smile and sense of humor are also very important. However, I believe that being positive in life is always looking at the brighter side in a bad situation which is one of the keys to happiness. Therefore, a practical philosophy of life attempts to strengthen our relationship with day-to-day life. The purpose of this essay is to explain how philosophy contributes to everyones daily living. In day-to-day life, we live in our mind, and our existence brings the life to a physical reality. However, philosophy does not stay within our minds, but our beliefs and morals are passed from the mind to physical reality. This is the life we have, and no one owns his or her life, it just passes through our physical body. Sometimes, you can get a hold on some aspects of life, and pass them to someone else life and to do so, everyone has to pay much attention to life. Our minds control our taste of living where the philosophy for day-to-day life objects to try life in all its riches. This is one way of people trying to engage with life in a positive way, trying to bring ones thought and ideas into physical reality and converting ones dream to something perceptible. Having a positive thought about life does not mean imposing judgment on the past lived experience, but it means being transformed and seeing what is in your transformed into real life. A philosophy of daily life contributes to people taking life in different perspectives. This means that, if one has not tasted all the riches of life, he or she tends to adhere to various ideals or norms without the honor of your own perception and experience. This makes life become like an image or imitation of a convincing ideal. An imitation is a copy of something real, therefore, when life becomes an imitation, we lose its contact. For example, having new friends is very important, but, choosing right the one who will not stab your back is more important. However, the philosophy of our daily life helps us to overcome seductive beliefs and situations that its reality is unchangeable. The point of philosophy here is to our decisions concrete instead of abstract. One does not have to think or talk about anything if he or she does not think of the negativity or positivity of it. The philosophy of life varies depending on each persons life experience and therefore everyone has a different view of the world as well as different beliefs. Similarly, this applies in day-to-day life where it is through our self-awareness that we become more proficient to experience what hinders us from becoming something else. However, philosophy of life guides us to be real, not actual.

Business leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business leadership - Essay Example Its object is to point out weaknesses and errors in order to rectify [them] and prevent recurrence.† The main focus of the controlling function is to make sure that everything is going according to plan and whatever is not going according to plan is fixed up as soon as possible. Modern day function of controlling has become very advanced; the managers are required to have the skill of foreseeing the events which are going to take place; on the other hand the function of controlling was only brought into effect after the problems were detected before the introduction of the modern functions of controlling. When a Manager adopts the method of controlling, he/she should make sure that it is done on a regular basis because controlling is a continuous process and should be carried out on a regular basis in any organization. Another important feature of controlling is that it is closely interrelated to Planning, under the process of planning, the goals are set for an organization and the function of controlling makes sure that those set goals are achieved in this way these two functions are interrelated. This paper will also throw light upon the ten principles of complexity and a conclusion that will sum up the discussing presented in the paper will be arrived upon. Management is quite a complicated task and involves a lot of innovation. The tricks taught in business schools, is flawed and this will be proved in this paper, a comprehensive understanding of â€Å"The Manager’s Job† written by Mintzberg will be presented in this paper. This article explores the different functions of a manager namely, coordinating, planning and controlling. Mintzberg is pretty convinced that the most basic functions of a manager is coordinating, planning and controlling but if a person observes a manager, it will be found that none of these three pivotal aspects of management are actually carried out by a manager. The same is proved with the help of

Incident at Oglala Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Incident at Oglala - Movie Review Example At preliminary glance, the main focus is on the shooting on the reservation which clearly flaunts violence. But if glimpsed upon a different perspective, the film also tackles the positive power of concinnity among the traditional natives. American Indian Movement, an organization established by natives, is a quintessence of unity among its people. During that time, the reservation is a clear cut picture of a forlorn landscape. Despondency is a norm, but the cohesiveness of the indigenous people has been evidently seen through the foundation of AIM. The respect for their culture and amongst the full blooded natives prevails. Leonard Peltier’s obedience to his Indian values has also been accentuated through his statements. He mentioned that being an AIM warrior makes him responsible to other people, whether it is menial task like fixing houses. Although the film is obviously made to illuminate Peltier’s innocence, it is noteworthy that Michael Apted made an effort to inc lude interviews from former FBI agents and members of the prosecution. This is certainly an attempt to make opinions of opposing parties known. Before the shooting at Oglala, there is already an atmosphere of violence throughout the reservation due to tribal conflicts. Traditional and nontraditional Indians are in dispute. This infighting has left many American Indians dead. Women and children ingenuously lost lives when caught in cross fires. Most of those who managed to survive may presumably suffered psychological trauma. The part that had made the situation worse was the ostensible ignorance on the part of the government. According to the film, the death toll is the highest in this area than of any other places in the country. On the day of the shooting, not only did two federal agents died, a native also died in the person of Joe Stuntz. Nobody was sued for the killing of the said native. The government is presumably either taking

History of Haircoloring Essay Example for Free

History of Haircoloring Essay The first major break through in hair coloring history came in 1863, when chemist Dr. August Wilhelm Von Hofmann reported the dye properties of paraphenylenediamine. His discovery led to the birth of the synthetic hair dye industry, and PPD still Dominates the field today. Hofmann was also known for his studies of organic derivatives of ammonia and for discovering the first unsaturated alcohol and several organic dyes. On the heels of Hofmann’s discovery, in 1867 London chemist E. H.  Thullay and Parisian hairdresser Leon Hugot demonstrated the advantages of hydrogen peroxide as best chemical way to lighten hair then alkaline solutions. After the mid 1920’s oxidation dyes were greatly improved and the fashionable use of haircoloring boomed. The introduction of salon and then home hair dyes during the same period brought about a revolutionary change worldwide and explosion of hair options. Clairol’s founder, Lawrence M. Gelb, introduced hair color to salons more than 70 years ago. When Clairol launched its first salon colors in 1931, millions of women began using them. Instant Clairol Oil Shampoo Tint soon changed the look of Americans. In 1950, Clairol introduced Miss Clairol Hair Color Bath, the first real breakthrough that lightened hair without the harshness and complicated handling of bleach. For the first time, hair could be lightened, tinted, conditioned and shampooed in only one step instead of five, in only 20 minutes. In the 1661 book Eighteen Books of the Secrets of Art Nature, various methods of coloring hair black, gold, green, red, yellow, and white are explained. Hair dye or hair color, is a chemical preparation used to change the color of a person’s hair. Hair dye is used to cover gray hair, which in some cultures has historically been considered to be a sign of aging. The Romans have been known to be interested in changing hair color and history revealed that they created over a hundred recipes using natural ingredients. These preparations could only darken hair. In 2007, where the next hair color breakthrough is currently unfolding, the first in over 50 years. Advances in understanding the molecular structure of hair have allowed scientists to develop improved technologies that minimize the amount of damage in the coloring process, and even create specialized products that restore health and brilliance to colored hair. The new chemistry of hair color is here, making hair color easier, quicker, and more effective than ever. Today millions of women color their hair, spanning every age, race, nationality and religion. According to recent surveys, at least 88 percent of all women feel their hair has an effect on their self-confidence. Today women demand a quick efficient product that easily fit into their hectic lifestyle. These are the products that we have today.

The Four Political Parties Of Canada Essay -- Canadian Politics Politi

The Four Political Parties of Canada   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a country as vast and as culturally diverse as Canada, many different political opinions can be found stretched across the country. From the affluent neighbourhoods of West Vancouver to the small fishing towns located on the east coast of Newfoundland, political opinions and affiliations range from the left wing to the right wing. To represent these varying political views, Canada has four official national political parties to choose from: the Liberals (who are currently in power), the Progressive Conservatives, the New Democrats, and the Reform Party. What is particularly interesting is that none of the latter three parties compose Her Majesty's Official Opposition in the House of Commons. The Bloc Quebecois, a Quebec separatist party who only ran candidates in the province of Quebec in the last federal election in 1993, won 54 seats in that province, and claimed the title of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition over the Reform Party, who garnered only 52 seats. Because the Bloc ran candidates only in Quebec, it would be difficult to think of them being a national political party, even though they hold a significant number of seats in the national legislature. This paper will examine the significant early history of Canada's four main national political parties, and then will analyse their current state, referring to recent major political victories/disasters, and the comparison of major economic policy standpoints, which will ultimately lead to a prediction of which party will win the next federal election in Canada.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Starting on the far left, there is the New Democratic Party of Canada. Today's modern New Democratic Party was originally called the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), and was founded in 1932. Originally led by a man by the name of James Shaver Woodsworth, the CCF was formed by several radical farming groups who found out that they had more similarities with each other than just their destitution. The 1920's had been a dark period for radicals and unions within Canada; poverty and significantly lower wages for workers were prevalent, and apathy regarding these issues was rampant. When the depression wove its destructive web across Canada in the 1930s, proponents of capitalism were staggered, but their left-wing opponents were too busy coming to the aid o... ... into the 21st century, however, will be made in the soon-to-be- called Canadian federal election. Democracy will speak out once again. BIBLIOGRAPHY (1996) A Fresh Start for Canadians [Online]. Available: http://www.reform.ca/FreshStart/summary.html [1997, Feb.25]. Guy, John J. People, Politics and Government. Scarborough: Prentice Hall, 1995. Harrison, Trevor. Of Passionate Intensity. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995. (1996) Liberal Party of Canada [Online]. Available: http://www.liberal.ca/english2/policy/red_book/chapter1.html [1997, Feb.25]. Macquarrie, Heath. The Conservative Party. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1965. McMenemy, John, Winn, Conrad. Political Parties in Canada. Montreal: McGraw- Hill Ryerson, 1976. Morton, Desmond. The New Democrats, 1961-1986. Toronto: Copp Clark Pitman Ltd., 1986. (1996) New Democrats of Canada [Online]. Available: http://www.fed.ndp.ca/fndp/fairtaxnow.html [1997, Feb.25]. Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Designing a Blueprint for Canadians. Ottawa, 1997. (1996) Progressive Conservative Youth [Online]. Available: http://www.openface.ca/PCU/library4.html [1997, Feb.25].

Magnet Status

While many nurses are campaigning for staffing ratios, others are putting their hopes in a different kind of â€Å"magnet† – hospitals throughout North America (and one in the United Kingdom) that have received special designation by the American Nurses Association (ANA) through its American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Some supporters of the â€Å"Magnet hospital† concept view it as a substitute for ratios, others don’t. The term â€Å"Magnet† was coined in the 1980s, when researchers for the American Academy of Nursing (AAN), and ANA affiliate, began analyzing hospitals with a good record of nurse retention. The forty-six facilities studies in the original 1983 report were places where nurses, not surprisingly, said they liked to work. These hospitals had low turnover and vacancy rates, although they were located in areas with a lot of labor market competition for nurses (Gordon, 2005). Hospitals that act as a â€Å"magnet† for excellence creates a work surrounding that distinguish, rewards, and promote proficient nursing. Organization attributes that attract nurses to magnet hospitals support better patient care and outcomes, including a strong presence of nurses in patient care decision making, a high level collegiality between nurses and physicians, and more time for nurses to care for and teach patients, and the encouragement and expectation of critical thinking. Magnet designation is also an effective marketing tool for attracting patients and for recruiting and retaining quality nursing staff. Although the magnet designation provides numerous benefits for a hospital, the road to attaining it is not an easy one. The written application for magnet status must demonstrate how the hospital implements the Scope and Standards for Nursing Administrators and how it incorporates the forces of magnetism within nursing services. It can take two or more years to perform the assessment, compile the documentation, and have the site visit by magnet reviewers (Grossman, 2007). Some tips on making the journey to magnet designation a successful one include the following: –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Get buy-in front from executive management, nurse managers, and nursing staff –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Seek advice from other organizations that have navigated the process –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organize the effort across all organizational levels and departments –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Establish a timeline to keep team efforts on track and promote team focus –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Coordinate personality styles and team members’ strengths, teaming â€Å"thinkers† with â€Å"doers† Hospitals meet the magnet standards by having a flatter organizational structure that allows nurses more say in both patient care and how their jobs are designed, making the chief nursing officer part of the executive team, hiring more staff nurses and reducing or eliminating agency and travel nurses, and supporting top nurses in pursuing research and advanced degrees (Porche, 2005). References: Gordon, S. (2005). Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care. New York: Cornell University Press. Grossman, S. (2007). Mentoring in Nursing: A Dynamic and Collaborative Process. New York: Springer Publishing Comapny. Porche, R. A. (2005). Issues and Strategies for Nurse Leaders: Meeting Hospital Challenges Today. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission Resources.   

Methods of Resource Allocation and Resource Leveling

Abstraction This paper illustrates what is the resource, what are the motivations for the direction of resources in undertakings, what is the different between Resource Allocation and Resource Leveling, it explains the attacks used in resource direction which are â€Å" the resource constrained scheduling problems† ( RCSP ) and â€Å" Resource Leveling Problems† ( RLP ) , it discusses the different methods or algorithms that involvement in resource programming and direction, it besides presents some of heuristic theoretical accounts such as the Minimum Moment Method, the PACK Method, and the Minimum Absolute Deviation ( MinDev ) Method, it besides focuses on the Genetic Algorithm ( GA ) , explains what is the mechanism of work and its rule, and it shows the mathematical theoretical accounts of GA. Introduction What is resources? Any point that required to carry through a work, and to Complete an activities to accomplish coveted ends. Some illustrations of resource are people, capital, energy, stuff, machinery, clip, etc. The success of a undertaking direction is determined by its day of the month completion. Through a carefully planned sequence, the agenda arranges the group of single work activities by directing start and terminal day of the months. The clip it takes to construct a undertaking is controlled by the yearss of the planned work activities. The continuance of each activity is equal to the measure of undertaking divided by the production rate. Shortages of chief resources can impact the completion clip and work of scheduled work activities by diminishing the outlook of production rate and later increasing the planned continuance of work beyond the outlook completion day of the month of the undertaking and hence carry extra fiscal loads due to the hold. Ignoring restraints set on the agenda by the limited resources decrease the effectivity of utilizing the agenda as a direction tool. For that, the resource demands for each activity should be estimated and calculated carefully before a agenda is assign into action. Different between Resource Allocation and Resource LevelingDelegating needed resources to undertakings or activities such that available resources are non exceeded the upper bounds called Resource Allocation.Resource grading: it’s a procedure of smoothening of a resource demand. It’s an effort to delegate resources to project activities in a manner that will better productiveness and avoid extra resource needed.Ideal Condition, Theoretically histogramFigure 1 Practical & A ; Target Histogram Figure 2 Resource allotment,besides known as resource burden, is the procedure that breaks down work activities into the types and measures of labour, stuffs, and equipment needed to finish the occupation. As a consequence, one is able to find the awaited resource demands, and program consequently.Resource gradingtakes the direction of resources one measure farther by analysing the resource demands of the full undertaking and trying to cut down the jobs associated with deficient measures and/or fluctuations in resource demand on a daily footing. Work performed on building work sites requires the use of labour, stuffs and equipment resources. As antecedently stated, deficits in the handiness or measure of any of import resources can impact the efficiency and completion of day of the month and scheduled work. Therefore, the resource demands for each activity should be estimated before a agenda is put into action. By apportioning the labour, stuffs, and equipment required to execute each single work on the agenda, one is able to pre-plan the expected resource demands for each working day of the undertaking before the agenda is carried out. This entire resource demand is so compared with the measure ( supply ) on-hand. If the supply on-hand exceeds the demand, so the agenda can be worked as planned. If it is found that the demand exceeds supply, so stairss need to be taken to guarantee that the proper sum of resource will be on manus on the day of the month needed. It should be noted that the Resource Allocation procedure merely determines whether or non there is a job when comparing resource supply and demand. It will non province the class of action needed to rectify the job. The fluctuations of resource use of labour, equipment, or stuffs can do a resource waste, therefore it will be extra fiscal loads and it’s really expensive. The disbursal that consequences from fluctuations in labour supply comes in the signifier of uninterrupted preparation and lay-off of new employees, or in the mobilisation and demobilisation of building equipment. Leveling the demand for resources helps minimise the cost of the undertaking and the big daily fluctuations in the figure of resources needed. Frequently, the undertakings tend to two chief way, whether they are profitable undertakings or service undertakings, the first 1 is to alter day of the month of the completion clip of the undertaking before when it was scheduled and planned â€Å" Reducing the continuance of the undertaking, † with the available resources â€Å" the resource constrained scheduling problems† ( RCSP ) , while the 2nd tendency is the leveling the resources on the all-time of the undertaking to guarantee the terminal of the undertaking in the scheduled day of the month â€Å" Resource Leveling Problems† ( RLP ) . For that, many methods and algorithms were published that take one of these two tendencies, some of them are heuristic methods which will be mentioned some of them subsequently, and the other are modern method, such as a familial algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization, and Particle Swarm Optimization and others. The first heuristic method that is published isBurgess and killbrew methodin 1962, this method aims to level the resources along the continuance of the undertaking to guarantee the the completion day of the month of the undertaking. And what distinguishes it that the precedence regulation based heuristic process to cut down the fluctuations on resource demand and applicable to a assortment of leveling prosodies. In 1975,Woodworth and Willie methodwas published, its RLP method, and its algorithm for resource grading in multi-project, multi-resource programming. Harris has created a method calledPACK methodin 1990, to level resources by minimising minutes of resource histograms has been introduced. Then followed byMartinez and Aoannou methodin 1993, its RLP, the Modified Minimum Moment Heuristic has been used in building resource grading in this method, in 1996 Chan Chua and Kannan algorithm has published, its GA based method which aims to minimise divergences from available resource. General theoretical account to transport out resource grading ( RLP ) and limited resource allotment ( RCSP ) at the same time. This sort of algorithms sometimes called metaheuristic. One of the ways that will be discussed in this paper the minimal minute method. The Minimum Moment Method ( Martinez and Ioannou 1993 ) The minimal minute method supposes that the minute of the day-to-day resource demands about the X axis ( horizontal axis ) of a undertaking ‘s resource histogram is a powerful step of the resource use and the optimum resource allotment obtains when the entire minute is at a lower limit, when the resource histogram is an ideal status as a rectangle form. The method ‘s aim is to minimise the day-to-day fluctuations in resource demand by traveling activities in clip on the x axis and withen each activity ‘s free float so as to avoid switching successor activities. this activity shifting is typically time-constrined ( the undertaking completion clip remain unchanged without increased or decreased. Mathematically, the resource minute () for the undertaking can be expressed by ciphering the amount of single resource minutes about the X axis ( clip axis ) . The cost map given by: Subjected to: A?Tocopherol?F A? 0 iN= 1,2, †¦ , m Where I is the clip interval index, omega is the figure of clip interval,is resource demand for each interval, N is the figure of activity, m is the entire figure of activities, Ais the existent start clip of each activity n,Tocopherolis the earliest start clip of activity N, andFis the free float of activity N. The PACK Method ( Harris Method 1990 ) The PACK Method is based on the minimal minute method and depend on packing each non-critical activities one by one to do switching on allowable free float taking into account their day-to-day resource demands fill the spreads in the resource histogram. The PACK method builds a histogram sing merely critical activities in the first, the other activities ( non-critical activities ) are arranged in given sequences based on sequence measure ( in diminishing order ) , day-to-day resource demand ( in diminishing order ) and entire float ( in increasing order ) and so hierarchically activities are selected from the processing waiting line and arranged and assigned in clip between the originally scheduled early start and late start clip of each one. The activity displacement is determined so that cut down the minute of resource or day-to-day resource demand taking into history the impact on the undermentioned activities. Figure 3 One of the restraints of this method is the continuance of each activity remains without altering and that betterments in resource allotment can be achieved by activity shifting and the use of each activity’s free float. Minimum Absolute Deviation ( MinDev ) The aim of AbsDev is to minimise the divergence between the resource demands and a desirable changeless resource rate.The mathematical preparation of the nonsubjective map for the AbsDev is as follows: AbsDev = U = Where N is the undertaking continuance, andis the demand of appointed activities at the twenty-four hours m, Y is the figure of activities, U is a unvarying resource degree,is the entire demand of activity x, andis the continuance of activity x. Familial Algorithm ( GA ) In the recent old ages, Genetic Algorithm has been the topics of involvement. The dramatic characteristic of this algorithm is that it is based on thoughts from the scientific discipline of biological genetic sciences and the procedure of natural choice. It is introduced in the United States in the early 1970’s by J.Holland and it is an outstanding method to work out the complex optimisation job. It has been widely used in many Fieldss, such as map optimisation, combination optimisation, nervous web optimisation, programming optimisation and so on. The major benefits of this algorithm is that they provide a robust hunt in complex infinites and are normally less expensive, every bit far as calculation is concerned, when compared to most other optimisation solutions. Some of the features of GA compared to normal optimisation hunt processs are: ( 1 ) Smart hunt ; ( 2 ) Progressive optimisation ; ( 3 ) Global optimum solution. ( 4 ) Black-box construction ; ( 5 ) Good versatility ; ( 6 ) Parallel-type algorithm ; ( 7 ) Intrinsic acquisition ; ( 8 ) Stability. Most of the familial algorithms have three chief operators: 1 ) Choice ; 2 ) Crossing over 3 ) Mutant. The Genetic Algorithm is performed in the undermentioned stairss: Measure 1: Population low-level formatting ; Measure 2: Calculate the fittingness value of each person ; Measure 3: Choice ; Measure 4: Crossing over ; Measure 5: Mutant ; Measure 6: Analyze the halt status, if meet stop status, travel to step 7, else go to step 2 ; Measure 7: End product the person with best fittingness value. The procedure of the Genetic Algorithm can be described as Fig. 4: Figure 4: Flow chart of the Genetic Algorithm

Medieval Jousting.

Medieval Jousting. Jousting was all about the skillful use of the lance while riding a fast moving horse. This was in recognition of the mounted knights most formidable weapon, the massed charge of lance equipped armored horsemen. It was this tactic that had defeated the Roman legions, Viking raiders, and just about every foe encountered. These charges sometimes failed, but that was rare. Anyone on the receiving end of these attacks could simply count themselves lucky if they survived. Until the 11th century, knights used their spears like swords, for thrusting, not as what we now think of as lancers. The joust was an idealized form of knightly combat that rarely occurred on the battlefield. In a joust, two knights charged each other, armed with a lance, the object being to use the lance to unhorse one's opponent. No doubt this event became the premier tournament event because of the dramatic effect of two mounted knights in full armor charging each other at full speed.English: Jousting at the Bristol Renaissance Faire...The earliest tournament jousts simply had two groups of knights chase each other over an open area, called the lists, attempting to unhorse each other with a lance, sword, simply fancy riding. The lists covered an area that might be as large as several hundred acres, and the joust might involve over a hundred knights on each side. This was a very rough game. Deaths were common and ten percent or more of the participants might be injured. During this period, knights began to wear additional padding under their armor as protection from the blows from blunted swords and the falls from their horses. During the 12th century, it became more common to have knights go one on one in jousts. These were pretty simple affairs. The two knights, separated by 100-300 yards of open space,

5 Sentences with Problematic Parallelism in Lists

5 Sentences with Problematic Parallelism in Lists 5 Sentences with Problematic Parallelism in Lists 5 Sentences with Problematic Parallelism in Lists By Mark Nichol It’s too bad you can’t eat grammatical errors or use them to fill your gas tank, because they’re a cheap, endlessly renewable resource. Here’s a five-course meal of sentences with troublesome structure, starting with dessert. 1. â€Å"The writer will sit, eat, and interview the subject.† It seems more logical for the writer to interview the subject after being seated but before eating him or her, but whatever. If the intended meaning of the statement is that the writer will dine with the subject rather than cannibalistically consume him or her, however, the sentence should be revised as follows: â€Å"The writer will sit and eat with, and interview, the subject.† Better yet, for a smoother flow to the sentence, introduce a pronoun: â€Å"The writer will sit and eat with the subject and interview him [or her].† 2. â€Å"The committee consists of the executive directors of the Bay Area Toll Authority, California Transportation Commission, and California Department of Transportation.† Normally, items in a list can share an article (â€Å"the birds, bees, flowers, and trees†), or each can have its own (â€Å"the birds, the bees, the flowers, and the trees†), but when the list items are proper nouns, it’s best to assign an article to each one so that it doesn’t appear that the entities after the first one are erroneously referred to without an article: â€Å"The committee consists of the executive directors of the Bay Area Toll Authority, the California Transportation Commission, and the California Department of Transportation.† 3. â€Å"His contribution to the interior design of the home is his impressive antique musical instruments and modern art collection.† The statement implies that the collection consists of antique musical instruments and modern art, but technically, the reference should be to two distinct collections, described in the plural form and with each description preceded by its own plural pronoun: â€Å"His contributions to the interior design of the home are his impressive antique musical instruments and his modern art collection.† Alternatively, the sentence could be revised as follows, with the collections referred to as a single contribution or a pair of contributions: â€Å"His contribution(s) to the interior design of the home is (or are) his impressive collections of antique musical instruments and modern art.† 4. â€Å"The organization promotes sustainable landscaping practices, green building-construction methods and products, and minimizing pesticide use in the home.† The inconsistency of syntax here is that the first two items are modified with adjectives, while the third is described as an action. Change the verb in the final item to an adjective: â€Å"The organization promotes sustainable landscaping practices, green building-construction methods and products, and minimal pesticide use in the home.† Alternatively, introduce verbs into each of the other items: â€Å"The organization promotes employing sustainable landscaping practices, utilizing green building-construction methods and products, and minimizing pesticide use in the home.† 5. â€Å"Here come the summer movies- the usual formulaic action flicks, dumb comedies, and sequels.† This sentence is not wrong, but the rhythm is off because the first two items are preceded by adjectives but the final element is a bare noun. Introduce an adjective before that item for parallel structure: â€Å"Here come the summer movies- the usual formulaic action flicks, dumb comedies, and weak sequels.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†One Fell SwoopApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Health care marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health care marketing - Essay Example As the pioneers who â€Å"bridged the gap between the initial R&D and the market-ready innovation by defining a baby-care niche† (Blatchford, 2010), Johnson & Johnson successfully used the branding strategy to turn the undifferentiated product ‘Mineral Oil’ ( used primarily for health and medical uses) into one of their most successful consumer products. The Johnson’s Baby product range was later extended to include more related products like the ‘No more tears shampoo’. The brand has become well-known for its comfort, care and safety message which has been communicated very effectively through the above-the-line advertising and their signature pink packaging. The marketing strategies of the Brand have been so successful because of the effective use of basic principles of marketing especially with regards to identifying the target market and developing suitable communications. Target Market   The target market can be formally defined as "A se t of buyers sharing common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve" (Kotler et al, 2010). Defining the target market is the foundation step towards developing the value in a product or service, that will be communicated according to the consumers needs. The development of distribution, advertising, and production plans all depend on the target market as selected by an organization. ... The communication and value proposition offered is same for all segments. Differentiated: targeting several segments and offering them varied value propositions for a given product, in accordance with their specific needs Niche: Focusing on just one segment, provides them with specialized products with unique value proposition. (Kotler et al, 2010). An organization with a highly innovative product may want to go with niche marketing as they can concentrate their resources on developing a highly involved market for their product. This strategy may also be preferred for companies that are starting out small and do not have the financial and human resources required for a larger marketing plan targeting several different groups of consumers. Organizations have to be clear about their own strengths (and weaknesses), their long and short term goals and the external environment before deciding to utilize a particular targeting strategy. Consumer insight research is an important component o f this process, as it highlights what exactly are the consumer needs and their perceived reception to any new product and Johnson & Johnson. The market segments to be selected for targeting purposes are divided into groups with similar demographic and psychographic traits. The marketers group the consumers through evaluation of questions such as; will they feel the need for a certain product? If so what value will the ascribe to it? Can they afford it? Are they doers or achievers? Is brand status important to them? How important is family to them? And so on and so forth. Questions such as these are designed to provide consumer insight and feelings, which can help a company to design and communicate better solutions for them.